What is the bladder stones?
Bladder stones refer to stones formed in the bladder, which are divided into primary bladder stones and secondary bladder stones.The former refers to the stones formed in the bladder, which are mostly caused by malnutrition and occurred in children.With the continuous development of my country's economy, children's bladder stones have now declined.The latter refers to bladder stones formed by factors such as the upper urine trail or secondary urine obstruction, infection, bladder foreign body or nerve -derived bladder.
In developed areas, bladder stones mainly occur in elderly men, and they are often suffering from prostate hyperplasia or urethral stenosis. In poor areas, children are more common in children and are rare in women.
Causes of bladder stones
1. Nutritional factors cause bladder stones: epidemic survey shows that children's bladder stones have obvious regional distribution. Pediatric bladder stones are related to infant feeding methods.With the continuous improvement of living standards, the nutritional status of residents has been significantly improved, especially to improve the nutrition of pregnant women and mothers, so that newborns have enough breast milk or breastfeeding, which can prevent this disease from occurring.Except for India, Laos, Thailand, Pakistan and Iran, bladder stones in other regions are rare.
2. Bladder foreign objects cause bladder stones: bladder foreign objects such as ducts, surgical sutures, bullets, fish wires, cards, wires, etc. can all be used as the core to deposit urine and salt to form stones.
3. Infection causes bladder stones: bladder stones are secondary to lower urinary tract obstruction or infection of bladder foreign objects, especially urea to decompose bacteria infections, which can increase urine pH and promote the precipitation of calcium phosphate, ammonium and magnesium salt to form and form formedBladder stones.
4. Intestinal bladder expansion causes bladder stones after surgery: Pediatric bladder stones are rare outside a few areas, but the intestinal bladder enlarged increased after surgery, reaching 36%to 50%.It is mainly caused by intestinal mucus.
5. Bladder cracking on the bladder causes bladder stones: Foreign research reports that 77 of the 530 cases of the bladder flipped an urethra, most of them have stones, most of which occur in the bladder.Before the reconstruction of the bladder urethra, due to the abnormal anatomy, tissue, and function, stones were easily formed.
6. Lower urinary tract obstruction causes bladder stones: Many renal stones and small stones in the ureter and the precipitation of urine and salt formed under the saturation state can be discharged with the urine.However, when there are narrow urethra, congenital deformity, prostate hyperplasia, bladder neck obstruction, bladder swelling, diverticulum, tumor and other lower urinary tract obstruction, the crystals of stones and urine salt are precipitated in the bladder to form bladder stones.This is why bladder stones are common in male children and the elderly today.
Typical symptoms of bladder stones
1. Pain: Pain can be caused by stimulation of stones on the bladder mucosa, manifested as dull pain in the lower abdomen and the perineum, or obvious or severe pain. The symptoms of pain after activity can relieve the pain after changing the position.It is often accompanied by frequent urination, urgency, and urinary pain symptoms. The pain is intensified during urination. Patients with children often pull the penis due to severe pain during urination.Pain will take a special position to urinate, that is, when standing, the knees are flexed forward, and the trunk is 30 °. Once the urine line becomes thinner or the urine flow is interrupted, it will immediately change the position to the stones and continue urination.
2. Urine disorder: When stones are embedded in the bladder neck mouth, there may be obvious difficulty in urination, and there are typical urination interruptions. It can also cause acute urinary retention. Patients with prostate hyperplasia have symptoms of urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulties in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination, such as difficulty in urination. For exampleThe prostate is huge, and the position of the inner mouth of the urethra is raised. The stones are not easy to block the inner mouth of the urethra, so the urination interruption will not occur.
3. Hem urinary: Most of them are endogenous hematuria. When the bladder stones are combined with infection, the symptoms of bladder stimulation and pyuria may occur.
According to the clinical manifestations, B -ultrasound, X -ray examination, cystoscopic examination if necessary, generally diagnose bladder stones, such as B -ultrasound, X -ray and cystoscopy.The special feeling and sound of impact stones should use this method.(Reference website: Global Hospital Network)
(Editor in charge: Zhang Shulan)
