The testicular is a male main organs. Its function is to produce sperm, combine sperm and eggs to form new individuals, thereby ensuring the continuation of human races.In addition, male hormones are also secreted, which can stimulate sperm occurrence and development of male attached organs and side sex.Therefore, whether it is congenital developmental disorders or the testes caused by the acquired factors can cause infertility.
Section 1 Men's pseudo gender deformity
(1) Female testicular syndrome
In male fake bisexual malformations, testicular feminine syndrome is more common.Such patients have testicles, sex chromators are XY, and sex chromatin is negative.Although the testicles secrete androgen, because the body cells cannot form therogen receptor, the genitals cannot be masculine.
(2) testosterone synthesis disorders
In the process of testosterone synthesis, different enzyme defects cause different metabolic disorders and obstacles at different stages, which will cause different degrees of differentiation of reproductive organs. From varying degrees to different degrees of feminine genitals.Patients are generally long -body, showing a momentum, and having breasts.In the groin or scrotum, it touches the lack of developmental tissue, and is mostly accompanied by urethral cracking and double scrotum.
(3) 5A-reduction enzyme defect
Such patients are mostly manifested as male genitals.Due to the 5A-reducing enzyme defects in the target organ, testosterone cannot be converted into dual-hydrogen testosterone.The prostate is not developed, and the outerogenic is not comprehensive. This is an autosomal genetic disease.
(4) The lack of anti -mid -kidney tubular tube hormone deficiency
The middle renal tube development is normal, and the degradation of the middle kidney tube is incomplete.The clinical manifestation is male, but the second sexual characteristics of men are not obvious, the hair is thin, the skin is tender, and the sexual dysfunction can be developed.
Section 2 Congenital testicular dysplasia syndrome
Congenital testicular developmental syndrome or small testicles (KLINEFELTERS syndrome (Keta signs), KLINEFELTER first discovered and described small testicles and adolescent breast development as clinical characteristics in 1942.In 1959, Jacobs and others found the patients of Kerba for the first time with cell genetic methods, confirming that his chromosome was abnormal.Kerg signs his individual manifestations as men, and the signs are not obvious for their childhood and teenagers. In the period of youth development, breast enlargement, beard, pubic hair and axillary hair are scarce, narrow shoulders, and hip width.
Section 3 CICF test
The testicles are reduced into the scrotum after the fetal period is the same as the abdomen.Not only about 80%of patients with cryptorchidism may occur in testicular tumors or trauma, cable reversal, and psychological obstacles, but they are more caused abnormal fertility.
Section 4 Section 4
Testes can be divided into three categories: (1) testicular lack.(2) Some part of testicles, epididymia and vasters.(3) The lack of testicles, epididymia and vasters.The cause is unclear, and testicular atrophy caused by the occlusion of the testicles during the embryonic period and the occlusion of the vascular occlusion and the occlusion of the vascular atrophy.Unilateral tests occur on the right and are often accompanied by the opposite cryptophage.Due to the lack of interstitial cells that secrete male hormones, both sides often lead to gender abnormalities and combined eunuch disease.There are also individuals who are not accompanied by eunuchs, and there may be ectopic cells.
Section 5 Sectionalchitis
Historphosis is a transformation of orchitis caused by various pathogenic factors. It can be divided into non -specific, viral, moldy, spiral, parasiticity, injury, chemicality and other types.Specific testosteritis is mostly caused by epididymal tuberculosis and testicles, which is very rare.Clinically, non -specific orchitis and ribitis epideitis are common. It is one of the common causes of male infertility.
(1) Acute non -specific orchitis
Patients with acute non -specific orchitis occur in patients with urethritis, cystitis, and prostate hyperplasia and long -term reservation urethra.The infection spreads through lymphatic or vasters to an epididymia orchitis. The common pathogenic bacteria are E. coli, Actilus, bacteria, and vibrobacteria.Bacteria can spread to testicles through blood, causing simple orchitis.However, testicular blood is abundant and has strong resistance to infection, so this situation is rare.
(2) Chronic non -specific testicles
Chronic orchitis is mostly caused by the inadequate treatment of non -specific acute orchitis.It can also be caused by mold, spiral, and parasitic infections.
(3) Acute mummitis epigastitis
Popularity mumps are the most common causes of orchitis. About 20%of patients with mumps are complicated in orchitis.It is more common in the late adolescence.The testicular is highly enlarged and purple -blue.When cutting the testicles, due to the interior response and edema, the testicles cannot be squeezed out regardless of whether it can be squeezed out. The tissue observation sees edema and vascular dilation, a large amount of inflammatory cells infiltrate, and the small sperm tubes have different degrees of degeneration.When testicularitis heals, the testicularis becomes smaller and soft.Small tubes have severely atrophied, but preserving testicular intercostal cells, so the secretion of testosterone is not affected.
Sexitis generally appears 3 ~ 4D after the mumps occur. The scrotum is erythema and edema. On one or bilateral testicles increases and has high tenderness, occasionally visible sheath effusion.Generally, mumps can be found, about 10D with the symptoms, and testicular swelling and fading. About 1/3 ~ 1/2 patients can observe testicular atrophy from 1 to February after the onset of the disease.Generally, unilateral testicles do not affect fertility.According to statistics, about 30%of patients caused by epidemic gonitis have irreversible destruction of sperm. The accumulated testicular atrophy, such as bilateral infections, testicular atrophy, causing sperm -generated disorder infertility, but the function of therogens is generally the function of therogen.normal.
(Editor in charge: Internship Liu Suling)
