Generally speaking, the husband and wife live together for two to three years after marriage. Those who have not adopted any contraceptive measures are infertile.Among the causes of infertility, the man accounted for 40 % and the female party accounted for 60 %.
After marriage, there are no children who have lived together. If the wife is not a problem, the man should go to the hospital for examination in time in order to find out the cause and treat them early. The following examinations can be performed in the hospital urology or men's department in turn.
1. History
It is important to correctly collect the medical history. Doctors must be serious and responsible and keep confidential for patients; patients must also cooperate vividly and truthfully reflect the following situations:
1. Occupation and work: Whether there is contact with poison (lead, mercury, phosphorus), radiation, whether high temperature operations, contact time, and whether there are protection measures; nutritional status; adverse habits (smoke, alcohol), etc.
2. History of past medical: Whether you have suffered from gonorrhea, mumps, tuberculosis, epididymitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis or spinal cord damage, difficulty in urination, no diabetes or thyroid dysfunction, etc. The treatment conditions and effects.
3. Marriage and sexual living conditions: including attitudes to sexual life, sexual intercourse and frequency, whether there are nocturnal emission, premature ejaculation, etc., whether there is a habit of masturbation before marriage; how the husband and wife feel, the health of the wife, whether the sexual life is coordinated, etc.Marriage period, time cohabitation and whether to take contraceptive measures.
4. Previous examination and treatment: Men's semen test results, collection time and methods; whether the treatment has been treated, what is the effect; the woman's examination.
5. Family history: Family in the family, patients with inflammatory disease, gender malformations, genetic diseases, tuberculosis and other patients.
Second, physical examination
Including the whole body and reproductive organs.Specifications are the same as internal medicine. In particular, pay attention to development, nutrition and mental conditions, but the focus is on the inspection of reproductive organs. The inspection content includes:
1. Penis: Pay attention to whether there are severe phimosis, hard constraints, tumors or development abnormalities for inflammation.
2, urethra; no fistula, lower cracks, hard constraints.
3. Prostate: It can be checked with anal diagnosis, whether there is hard constraints, pension, and massage the prostate solution for examination.
4. Testes: Measure its size, palpation hardness, whether it is hard constraints, tenderness, and pension.
5. Sacrifice: Touch the hardness of the vollarization tubes, whether there are nodules, tenderness, or absence of varicocele.
3. Laboratory inspection
Except for the semen examination as a compulsory item, the rest should be selected depending on the specific situation of the patient:
1. Semen analysis: This helps to understand male fertility. It is a must -check item for infertility. The inspection content includes color, quantity, liquefaction time, pH, sperm counting, activity, survival rate and form.
2. Exposure of in vitro -in vitro: Even if conventional semen analysis is completely normal, sometimes it cannot completely represent the essence of sperm.In vitro heterogeneous insemination experiments can more accurately estimate the fertilization ability of sperm, and it is very valuable to judge men's fertility. Commonly uses the heterogeneous insemination experiments of human sperm penetrating hamster eggs, with the sperm of normal fertility as a control.
3. Preferiece liquid examination: Normal is milky white, alkaline, and the tiny and folding lecithin particles are seen under high -power mirrors., Or even seeing pour pus cells, lecithin particles are significantly reduced.
Fourth, endocrine examination.The function of the hypothalamus can be understood through the release of hormone or clonemen stimulating test by promoting gonadotropin.Testosterone levels can directly reflect the function of cells.If necessary, you can determine thyroid hormone, adrenal sebum hormone or prolactin.
5. Doppler ultrasound examination.Help to confirm the varicocele.
6. X -ray check.In order to determine the obstruction site of the vasters, vasters, epididymal angiography, vascus tubes, seminal vesicles, or urethral angiography can be used.Essence
Seven, immunology examination.Detecting sperm coagulation antibodies or braking antibodies in serum or slurry in the sperm condensing test or braking test.Although there are many types of detection methods, it should be selected according to local conditions.
8. Teste biopsy.For sperm non -sperm or sperm, directly check the sperm function of the testicular sperm tubular and the development of interior cells. The synthesis and metabolism of local hormones can be stained by immunohistochemistry.
Nine, chromosome nuclear analysis.For external reproductive organs, testicular dysplasia, and unknown sperm -free.
(Editor in charge: Internship Liu Suling)
